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Grade 4 Reading & Writing · World 7: Discovery Observatory · Level 56
Text Structures and Transitions
Time order, cause and effect, compare and contrast, problem and solution, and description, with signal words like similarly, in contrast, as a result, meanwhile.
Warm-up, learn, try it together, practice, then a quick check. About 15 minutes.
What children learn in Level 56
- Authors build informational texts in different shapes, called text structures. You've met them before. Now let's add stronger transitions.
- Chronological order tells events in time order. Cause and effect tells why something happens and what happens because of it.
- Compare and contrast shows how things are alike, with words like similarly and likewise, and different, with in contrast and however.
- Problem and solution names a problem, then tells how it was solved. Description tells what something looks like or how it works, often with for example.
- Transitions are bridges between ideas. Meanwhile means at the same time. As a result shows an effect. Therefore does too.
Georgia's K-12 English Language Arts Standards:
- 4.T.SS.1.a — Compare and contrast the text features (e.g., icons, hyperlinks) and organizational structures (e.g. chronological order, rhyme pattern) of texts written in different genres/for certain purposes, on the same topic. (I)
- 4.T.SS.1.c — Use conjunctions and transition words or phrases, such as similarly and in contrast, to show relationships between ideas and information. (C)